This course focuses on the psychological and physiological human response to traumatic events. Epidemiological issues, etiological models and co morbid conditions will be discussed. Normal and abnormal psychological reactions, factors that either worsen (risk factors) or mitigate the impact of the traumatic experience are reviewed. Participants will be familiarized with the basic neuroanatomy involved in PTSD and learn about recent advances in the biological understanding of PTSD. Evidence of current psychotherapeutic approaches for traumatized individuals will be discussed. A special focus will be on the high risk group of refugees and victims of torture and war. This course will be provided in English language.